5G technology relies heavily on innovative antenna design and functionalities to deliver its high speeds and capacity. This includes antenna architectures, which define the overall layout and number of antenna elements used in base stations and devices. Beamforming is a key technique that utilizes these antennas to focus radio waves towards specific users or areas, acting like spotlights for data transmission and reducing interference. Within these architectures, different antenna array arrangements (linear, planar) influence how beams are shaped and radiated. These antenna elements are often housed in physical structures called antenna panels for better integration into devices and base stations. To further enhance flexibility and beam control, a concept called antenna virtualization combines separate antennas into a single virtual one. The number of physical connections on an antenna, called antenna ports, determines how many independent beams it can generate simultaneously. Finally, understanding beamforming for a beam-based air interface delves deeper into how these techniques create and manage focused beams for efficient data transmission in the core technology that directs signals in 5G.